mFilterIt Experts

In recent years, the MENA region has emerged as one of the fastest-growing digital advertising markets in the world. With ad spend projected to exceed $8 billion by 2026, the region is experiencing an unprecedented surge in number of mobile-first users, rising eCommerce platforms, and innovative app ecosystems. But along with this digital acceleration comes an equally aggressive threat: ad fraud.  According to IAB MENA, up to 20% of ad budgets in the region, roughly $1.25 billion in 2023, may have been wasted due to fraudulent activity like fake clicks, spoofed installs, bot traffic, domain spoofing, and misattributed conversions, etc. And it’s only getting worse. This budget wastage is projected to go up to $1.6 billion by 2026. This staggering figure reveals a silent budget drain that’s not just affecting the bottom lines of brands in MENA – it’s distorting performance metrics, eroding trust, and misleading optimization decisions.  If your campaigns are optimized based on corrupted data, your ROAS is lying to you. If you’re relying on outdated, conventional ad fraud detection tools, you’re exposed to sophisticated tactics that go undetected in your app and web funnel.  Now the question that arises is – How do we tackle this effectively across the entire ecosystem?  Ad fraud in MENA is evolving rapidly, and so should your defense tech stack.  In this article, we’ll explore how ad fraud violates across web and app ecosystems in MENA, why traditional verification methods fall short, and the need for advanced ad fraud detection solutions to protect the digital ad spending of digital-first brands.  What Is Ad Fraud and Why Is MENA Especially at Risk? The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region faces a particularly elevated risk of ad fraud. Here’s why:  Rapid Digital Growth and Increased Ad Spend Booming Digital Adoption: MENA is witnessing an explosive expansion of digital connectivity and e-commerce, prompting a substantial shift in brand budgets towards online advertising to engage the large scale of digital audiences. Prime Target for Fraudsters: This escalating investment naturally makes the region a highly profitable target for sophisticated ad fraud techniques. Specific Vulnerabilities in the MENA Ad Ecosystem Reliance on Aggregators and Smaller Networks: Many regional marketers depend on affiliate aggregators or smaller ad networks, which often lack robust transparency and rigorous vetting procedures, inadvertently increasing exposure to fraudulent activities. Trust-Based Partnerships: The prevalence of trust-based business relationships can sometimes bypass the need for stringent validation processes, creating openings for fraudsters to infiltrate the ecosystem. Localization Gaps: Generic ad fraud detection tools may not be fully optimized for MENA’s diverse languages and distinct user behaviors, allowing certain fraudulent patterns to slip through undetected. Lack of Benchmarks: The scarcity of widely accepted, region-specific benchmarks for campaign performance complicates the identification of anomalies and the accurate assessment of campaign effectiveness, masking the impact of fraud. Fragmented Technology Infrastructure: Varying levels of programmatic maturity across different MENA countries can result in inconsistent ad delivery, measurement, and fraud detection capabilities. Dependency on Platform-Driven Metrics: A common over-reliance on metrics provided directly by ad platforms, often without independent verification, can lead to a lack of control and transparency, making fraudulent metrics harder to discern.  Types of Web and App Ad Fraud Impacting MENA Brands Understanding how ad fraud operates across the funnel is critical to combating it effectively. Here are the most common forms of ad fraud affecting digital campaigns in the MENA region:  Web Fraud Click Fraud & Click Spamming: Fraudsters use bots or scripts to simulate user clicks, inflating CPC costs and diminishing ROAS. Pixel Stuffing & Ad Stacking: Ads are rendered invisibly (e.g., 1×1 pixels) or layered behind other content to be counted as impressions but never seen. Domain Spoofing: Fraudsters mimic premium publisher domains to sell low-quality or non-existent inventory.  Lead Gen Fraud: Fraudsters submit fake or low-quality leads to exploit CPL campaigns, draining budgets and sales resources. App Fraud Click Injection: Malicious apps on user devices simulate clicks just before a legitimate install, stealing attribution credit. Incentivized Installs: Users are offered rewards (e.g., cashbacks or discounts) to install apps without true interest in skewing retention metrics. Fake Installs & SDK Spoofing: Bots mimic install behavior or exploit app SDKs to fake installs and in-app engagement. When such fraud goes undetected, it doesn’t just waste budgets – it corrupts analytics, misleads media decisions, and diminishes LTV (lifetime value) from fraudulent users who will never convert or engage meaningfully.  How Ad Fraud Impacts Businesses in MENA  Wasted Spend: A large portion of ad budgets go to non-human or low-value traffic sources. Skewed Attribution: Fraudulent actions misattribute conversions, leading brands to invest in ineffective channels or partners. Reduced ROAS: Since bot-driven or false installs never lead to real engagement, return on ad spend drops. Data Misalignment: KPIs become unreliable because of incorrect data, affecting optimization decisions and long-term planning. Brand Risk: Ads placed on spoofed or irrelevant domains damage brand integrity. Fraud also masks real performance issues, giving marketers a false sense of success when in reality, the wins are artificially inflated. Why Traditional Methods Aren’t Enough in MENA’s Digital Landscape  Despite the rising complexity of ad fraud schemes, many advertisers in the MENA region still rely on outdated or incomplete methods of verification. They don’t offer the speed, depth, or contextual intelligence modern marketers need. Here’s why traditional methods no longer provide adequate ad fraud and mobile app fraud protection:  Manual Audits and Blacklists Are Reactive, Not Scalable Relying on manual traffic reviews or static blacklists can only detect known and repeated patterns, missing newer, evolving fraud behaviors.  In a high-volume, mobile-first market like MENA, fraud detection must be proactive and automated to catch dynamic threats before damage is done.  Lack of Standardization Across Ad Tech Partners MENA’s fragmented ad ecosystem includes multiple intermediaries and networks, many of which lack unified fraud detection protocols.  This inconsistency creates data silos and blind spots across platforms, making it difficult for advertisers to trace where fraud is occurring or hold specific partners accountable.  Blind Spots in ROAS, LTV, and

Mobile app advertising is all about data coming from CPI campaigns – ROAS and LTV being the go-to metrics to measure campaign performance and success. But are you sure the metrics you are relying on are giving you the right results?  The numbers on your dashboard are not always true.   As advertisers pour more budget into mobile performance campaigns, many overlook critical vulnerabilities – mobile ad fraud. It’s not just a line-item loss, it’s a performance killer that inflates Return on Ad Spend (ROAS) and erodes Customer Lifetime Value (LTV).  Fraudsters exploit the systems marketers depend on – attribution models and campaign metrics – using sophisticated tactics like click fraud, fake installs, click injection, SDK spoofing, etc.   The result? Campaigns scale based on fake signals, and strategies built on manipulated data lead to long-term business erosion.  In this article, we’ll break down exactly how mobile ad fraud works, why it’s killing your ROAS and LTV, and the steps you can take right now to combat fraud and protect your mobile app marketing investment.  What is Mobile Ad Fraud? Mobile ad fraud is the deliberate manipulation of ad ecosystems to produce fake user interactions – clicks, installs, or post-install events that appear legitimate but are entirely fabricated. These activities are done by sophisticated fraud networks using a range of tools, from bots and emulators to stolen device IDs and malicious SDKs.  The primary objective of fraudsters is to earn money by draining advertising budgets without delivering any real user engagement or business value. This type of fraud not only eats into your ad spending but also corrupts the data you rely on for campaign optimization and ROI measurement.  According to mFilterIt’s analysis, there has been a significant rise in ad fraud in apps at each level of the funnel, the highest being at the install stage:  Common Types of Mobile Ad Fraud Include: Click fraud: Use of bots or click farms to generate invalid clicks, depleting budgets without real engagement. Click injection: Malicious apps trigger fake clicks just before install happens, hijacking attribution for organic or paid traffic. Install farms: Real humans or emulators install apps repeatedly to simulate legitimate installs, often incentivized by rewards. SDK spoofing: Hackers simulate in-app events by manipulating SDK data, making it appear to be genuine user actions. Device farms: A collection of real or emulated devices are used to generate large volumes of fake installs and activity. Attribution fraud: Fraudsters use methods like click spamming or injection to steal credit for installs they didn’t drive.  Understanding the Mobile Attribution Flow To understand how mobile ad fraud destroys ROAS and LTV in mobile advertising campaigns, it is also important to understand the mobile attribution flow. Here’s a step-by-step breakdown of how it works: A user taps on an ad shown on their device.  That click is first logged by the media partner responsible for the ad placement, and the user is redirected to the relevant app store.  Simultaneously, the click data is sent to a Mobile Measurement Partner (MMP) who stores this engagement.  The user installs and launches the app.  When the app is opened for the first time, it triggers an SDK that sends install data back to the MMP.  The MMP matches this install event to previous ad clicks using algorithms and attribution windows.  If a match is found, the install is labeled as ‘non-organic’ and credited to the corresponding media partner.  This data is then reflected in the advertiser’s analytics dashboard, forming the basis of ROI measurement.  Fraudsters use techniques like click injection or spoofed signals to insert themselves into the attribution path at the last moment, stealing credit for real installs or faking installs altogether.  How Mobile Ad Fraud Impacts Your ROAS Return on Ad Spend (ROAS) is one of the most critical metrics for marketers. It tells you whether your advertising investment is bringing returns or not.   1. Inflated ROAS from Fake Installs Fraudulent installs, generated by bots or device farms, appear legitimate on the surface. Campaign dashboards show low Cost Per Installs (CPI), leading marketers to believe their campaigns are effective. But these “users” never convert or engage – they don’t exist.  This false sense of performance skews ROAS calculations, making underperforming channels look profitable. As a result, marketers double down on ineffective campaigns, throwing more money into a bottomless pit. 2. Simulated Post-Install Events Fraudsters use advanced fraud techniques to spoof in-app events such as sign-ups, purchases, or logins to mimic user engagement. These simulated activities trick attribution platforms into registering conversions and inflate downstream metrics.  Campaigns are then optimized for behavior that never actually occurred, misguiding everything from creative strategy to channel selection. 3. Budget Drain Through Attribution Hijacking Fraudsters don’t need to fake the whole user’s journey. Sometimes, they hijack attribution through click fraud, click injection, or click spamming. They steal credit for installs that were actually organic or driven by legitimate partners.  This leads to misallocation of ad spend, with high-performing partners being undervalued while fraudsters receive undue payouts, degrading overall ROI.  How Mobile Ad Fraud Impacts LTV Customer Lifetime Value (LTV) is a long-term metric that reflects the revenue generated by a user over time. LTV is foundational for forecasting, retention strategy, and sustainable growth. But fraud undercuts this in serious ways. 1. Zero-Value Users Coming via Incent Fraud Fake installs and incentivized users attained through malicious techniques like install farms or incent fraud typically show no engagement beyond the install. These users don’t make purchases, complete onboarding, or return to the app, meaning zero contribution to lifetime value. 2. Skewed Retention Metrics When non-human or low-intent users are included in your data, LTV projections are overestimated. You might assume a healthy user base when in reality, it’s full of churned or non-existent users.  3. Deceptive CAC-to-LTV Ratios A campaign might look profitable based on CPA and early event metrics, but if LTV is inflated due to fake users or spoofed events, the actual value delivered will never justify the acquisition cost.  What Marketers Can

With brands shifting a large amount of their budgets to digital platforms, programmatic advertising plays a crucial role in how brands optimize their budget at each stage of the funnel.  The programmatic advertising market in India is still considered to be at a nascent stage; however, it has taken a steep curve and is not going to stop.  According to the Dentsu-e4m Digital Report 2025, programmatic advertising contributed  ₹20,686 crore, accounting for 42% of India’s digital media expenditure by the end of 2024, reflecting a 21% growth over 2023. The report further projects this momentum will continue, with programmatic expected to represent 44% (₹30,405 crore) of the digital advertising market by 2026, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 21.24%.  With the power to automate media buying and provide real-time data, programmatic campaigns offer unmatched scalability and precision. But with great opportunity comes significant risk. If not handled carefully, programmatic campaigns can fall prey to inefficiencies and ad fraud, draining budgets and damaging brand reputation.  This article will guide you through the fundamentals of programmatic advertising, key strategies for success, and how to safeguard your campaigns from programmatic ad fraud. Whether you’re a marketer, advertiser, or decision-maker, this comprehensive guide will help you run campaigns that are both effective and safe.  What is Programmatic Advertising? Programmatic advertising is the automated method of buying and selling digital ad inventory through sophisticated software and real-time bidding (RTB) technologies. Unlike traditional advertising, which involves direct negotiations and manual placements, running programmatic ads enables instant, data-driven decisions regarding which ads to show to which user, and at what price. This automation brings efficiency, scale, and precision, allowing marketers to serve relevant ads to the right audience, at the right time, across websites, mobile apps, and connected TV (CTV) platforms.  Challenges and Limitations in Programmatic Advertising 1. Lack of Transparency Across the Supply Chain The programmatic ecosystem involves multiple intermediaries – DSPs, SSPs, ad exchanges, data providers, and more. This fragmentation often leads to limited visibility into where ads are being served, how much each party takes from the media spend, and what environments your brand appears in. This is referred to as “programmatic black box” making it difficult to determine how much of the budget reaches the publisher versus being absorbed by hidden fees and commissions.   2. Limited Control Over Ad Placement While advertisers can set targeting and exclusion parameters, the automated buying model means there’s still limited control over the final placement in open marketplaces. Ads can end up on irrelevant, low-quality, or even brand-damaging websites if proper safeguards are not in place, diluting campaign effectiveness.   3. Brand Safety Concerns With ads being served in real-time across a vast inventory, there’s always a risk of them appearing next to inappropriate, misleading, or controversial content. This not only affects user perception but can severely damage a brand’s reputation if left unchecked. Fraudsters and low-quality publishers constantly find new ways to bypass basic detection systems. Moreover, not all platforms enforce the same content quality standards, making it harder for marketers to guarantee safe environments for their ads.  4. Programmatic Ad Fraud Threat Programmatic ad fraud refers to malicious activities by fraudsters to manipulate the ad ecosystem for monetary gain. This often involves the use of bots, malware, or spoofed environments to simulate real user behavior, resulting in advertisers paying for non-existent impressions, fake clicks, or fabricated conversions.  For example, fraudsters might use domain spoofing to make a low-quality website appear as a reputable one or deploy botnets that mimic human interaction with ads. These deceptive practices compromise campaign performance, skew data, and go undetected without advanced ad fraud detection solutions.  According to first-party analysis by mFilterIt, conducted across 342 campaigns run in 2024, 31% of invalid traffic in India was coming from programmatic advertising platforms.  The highly automated and fragmented nature of programmatic advertising makes it especially vulnerable to these attacks, underscoring the need for continuous vigilance and robust verification mechanisms.  Why is there a need for fraud detection in Programmatic ad campaigns?  Since programmatic advertising involves a rapid decision-making process, everything cannot be monitored in real-time by humans, which makes these campaigns vulnerable to programmatic ad fraud. Therefore, fraud detection solutions have become an integral part of the ecosystem. These tools verify whether ads are viewable, brand-safe, and served to real users, utilizing pre-bid and post-bid filters, real-time analytics, and machine learning to detect fraudulent activity and ensure quality traffic.  Strategic Tips to Build a Safe and High-Performing Programmatic Ad Fraud Free Campaign Rather than just checking off the setup steps, smart marketers need to focus on strategic execution. Here’s how to ensure your campaign is both effective and fraud-free:  1. Optimize Campaign Reach Through Audience Modeling Use your first-party data (from CRM, website behavior, app engagement) to build micro-targeted audience segments. Supplement with second-party (from trusted partners) and third-party data (from DMPs) when relevant. Implement lookalike modeling and predictive analytics to identify potential high-value segments.  2. Prioritize Inventory Quality via Private Marketplaces (PMPs) Avoid the chaos of open exchanges when possible. Private marketplaces offer access to premium publishers, controlled environments, and better transparency. Programmatic direct is also a comparatively safer option with predetermined pricing and placement.  3. Invest in Contextual Targeting Align your ads with page content that reflects brand values and relevance without relying on user-level data. This enhances performance while staying privacy compliant. 4. Implement Frequency Capping and Creative Rotation Serving the same ad repeatedly frustrates users and depletes ROI. Ensure your campaign respects frequency caps per user and rotates creatives for freshness. Be cautious of fraudulent traffic sources that breach frequency caps to maximize fake impressions, an often-overlooked fraud tactic. 5. Exclude MFA (Made-for-Advertising) Sites MFA sites are low-value domains packed with ads and clickbait content. They exist solely to monetize traffic through ads. These environments offer little to user engagement, dilute brand value, and quietly drain ad budgets. Ensure your inventory sources filter out such domains or apply inclusion lists of verified publishers. 6. Leverage Real-Time Analytics